Protocols exist for several different applications. Examples include wired networking e. The Internet protocol suite, which is used for transmitting data over the Internet, contains dozens of protocols.
These protocols may be broken up into four catagories:. Link layer protocols establish communication between devices at a hardware level. In order to transmit data from one device to another, each device's hardware must support the same link layer protocol. Internet layer protocols are used to initiate data transfers and route them over the Internet.
Transport layer protocols define how packets are sent, received, and confirmed. Application layer protocols contain commands for specific applications. For example, a web browser uses HTTPS to securely download the contents of a webpage from a web server. An email client uses SMTP to send email messages through a mail server.
Protocols are a fundamental aspect of digital communication. In most cases, protocols operate in the background, so it is not necessary for typical users to know how each protocol works. Related Enterprise Resources. Connect to Everyone the Way They Want. Connect With People Everywhere. Work At Scale and Reach Everyone. The Arrival of the Infinite Enterprise.
Wireless home networks are convenient as well. They allow you to easily connect multiple computers and to move them from place to place without disconnecting and reconnecting wires. In the next section, we'll look at how to create a wireless network in your home. If you already have several computers networked in your home, you can create a wireless network with a wireless access point. If you have several computers that are not networked, or if you want to replace your ethernet network, you'll need a wireless router.
This is a single unit that contains:. A wireless router allows you to use wireless signals or ethernet cables to connect your computers and mobile devices to one another, to a printer and to the internet.
Most routers provide coverage for about feet If your home is very large, you can buy inexpensive range extenders or repeaters to increase your router's range. As with wireless adapters, many routers can use more than one Normally, Once you plug in your router, it should start working at its default settings.
Most routers let you use a web interface to change your settings. You can select:. Security is an important part of a home wireless network, as well as public WiFi hot spots. If you set your router to create an open hot spot, anyone who has a wireless card will be able to use your signal.
Most people would rather keep strangers out of their network, though. Doing so requires you to take a few security precautions. It's also important to make sure your security precautions are current. The idea behind WEP was to create a wireless security platform that would make any wireless network as secure as a traditional wired network.
You also can change other router settings to improve security. For instance, you can set it to block WAN requests to keep the router from responding to IP requests from remote users, set a limit to the number of devices that can connect to your router and even disable remote administration so that only computers plugged directly into your router can change your network settings.
You should also change the Service Set Identifier SSID , which is your network name, to something other than the default so that hackers can't immediately tell what router you are using. And selecting a strong password never hurts. Wireless networks are easy and inexpensive to set up, and most routers' web interfaces are virtually self-explanatory. For more information on setting up and using a wireless network, check out the links that follow.
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Wireless networks make it easy to connect to the internet wherever you go. Contents What Is WiFi? What Is WiFi? Here's what happens: A computer's wireless adapter translates data into a radio signal and transmits it using an antenna. A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. The router sends the information to the internet using a physical, wired ethernet connection. They transmit at frequencies of 2. This frequency is considerably higher than the frequencies used for cell phones, walkie-talkies and televisions.
The higher frequency allows the signal to carry more data. The 2. In ideal conditions, the 5 GHz band has a max range of about feet 61 meters , but in the real world, it is much more prone to interference from walls, doors and other objects. For a while, its cost made it popular, but now it's less common as faster standards become less expensive. It can handle up to 11 megabits of data per second, and it uses complementary code keying CCK modulation to improve speeds.
It uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing OFDM , a more efficient coding technique that splits that radio signal into several sub-signals before they reach a receiver. This greatly reduces interference. It significantly improved speed and range over its predecessors. For instance, although It is less prone to interference and far faster than its predecessors, pushing a maximum of megabits per second on a single stream, although real-world speeds may be lower.
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